Israeli President Isaac Herzog begins a visit to Germany on Monday to mark 60 years of diplomatic relations. The visit comes at a time of strong international focus on the Gaza conflict. German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier will later join Herzog and travel with him to Israel. The leaders aim to honor a historic bond, even as the war in Gaza puts pressure on their relationship.
Long Friendship Faces New Strains
Germany and Israel have shared close ties since 1965. This relationship was built after the Holocaust and is often called a historic achievement. The two countries have cooperated in defense, trade, education, and cultural exchange.
Now, the war in Gaza has created new tensions. Many human rights groups and countries have criticized Israel’s military response to the Hamas attack on October 7, 2023. The International Criminal Court has issued arrest warrants for both Israeli and Hamas leaders over alleged war crimes.
Despite this, both governments are using the 60th anniversary to show unity. Herzog and Steinmeier, along with their wives, will visit kibbutzim, meet young people, and hold talks with leaders in Israel.
Political Change and Public Debate in Germany
Germany is now led by conservative Chancellor Friedrich Merz. His administration says that supporting Israel is a core part of German policy. But recent political changes show that public opinion may be shifting.
The far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party has grown in popularity. It won 20 percent in February’s elections. Some of its leaders have questioned Germany’s Holocaust memorial culture. One leading figure called the Berlin memorial for Jewish victims of the Holocaust a memorial of shame.
These developments raise concern in both Germany and Israel. They come at a time when both countries are dealing with political pressure and global attention on the Middle East conflict.
Rising Anti-Semitism and Changing Views
Germany has reported more incidents of anti-Semitism in recent years. These acts come from far-right groups, far-left activists, and also from parts of the immigrant community.
Surveys show that fewer Germans hold positive views about Israel. A Bertelsmann Foundation study found that only 36 percent of Germans now have a very or fairly good opinion of Israel. This is down 10 points from 2021.
Some experts say the close bond between the countries is now mainly supported by political and cultural leaders. They warn that the wider public is losing interest or support, especially during times of conflict.
Germany’s Balanced Approach to the Gaza War
Germany has carefully chosen its words when discussing the war in Gaza. After the Hamas attacks, German leaders strongly defended Israel’s right to protect itself.
Chancellor Merz said that Israel must also respect humanitarian rules, even while fighting terrorists. He stated that civilian lives in Gaza must be protected as much as possible.
Germany’s new foreign minister, Johann Wadephul, visited Israel on Sunday. He called for serious talks about a possible ceasefire. He said the suffering in Gaza had reached an unbearable level.
An advisor to President Steinmeier said the 60th anniversary does not feel joyful. The civilian suffering in Gaza makes this a time for concern rather than celebration.
Military and Economic Ties Remain Strong
Germany and Israel have shared strong defense cooperation over the years. Germany has sold submarines to Israel. In return, Berlin has purchased Israeli air defense systems.
Germany has also paid billions in reparations to Holocaust survivors and the state of Israel. These actions reflect a deep commitment to repairing the past and building trust.
Israeli Ambassador Ron Prosor said Germany remains Israel’s most important European ally. He described the relationship as fair and friendly, even during difficult times.
Legal Risks Around Netanyahu’s Travel
The International Criminal Court has issued arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Hamas leaders. This creates a legal issue for Germany if Netanyahu were to visit.
Chancellor Merz has said he would be open to welcoming Netanyahu to Germany. However, German law may require his arrest if he arrives. Legal experts say that Germany would face a difficult choice between international law and historical ties.
One former judge suggested that it would be better for Netanyahu not to visit, to avoid creating a diplomatic crisis for both countries.
A Relationship at a Crossroads
The 60-year partnership between Germany and Israel is being tested. The war in Gaza, political shifts in Germany, and rising public criticism of Israel are major challenges.
Still, the two countries continue to stress their shared history and values. President Steinmeier’s upcoming visit to Israel shows that leaders from both sides want to keep communication open.
