New research shows that 90% of marine fish sold by major US retailers come from wild populations, not farms.
The study, led by Dr Bing Lin of the University of Sydney, found most fish are caught in the western Pacific and Indian oceans.
About 55 million marine animals are sold each year worldwide, with the trade worth more than US$2 billion.
“The supply chain is opaque all the way from reef to retail,” Lin said.
Among the species sold were 45 listed as threatened, including the Banggai cardinalfish and clarion angelfish.
Many endangered fish slip through international trade rules, worsening pressure on wild populations.
Researchers say better traceability, eco-certification, and consumer awareness are urgently needed to make the trade sustainable.
“Without oversight, wild capture can damage ecosystems and social fish groups,” said Dr Marian Wong of the University of Wollongong.
