Aerobic exercise such as running, swimming or dancing can serve as a frontline treatment for mild depression and anxiety, researchers say. A large review of 63 studies involving nearly 80,000 people found that physical activity significantly reduced symptoms, especially in young adults and new mothers.
The findings, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, showed that heart rate-raising aerobic exercise had the strongest effect on depression. Resistance training and yoga also helped, but to a lesser degree. Group and supervised activities delivered additional benefits, suggesting that social interaction plays a key role.
Lead researcher Neil Munro of James Cook University said exercise can sometimes match or exceed traditional treatments for mild cases. However, experts urged caution. Brendon Stubbs of King’s College London stressed that exercise should not replace medication or therapy for severe depression.
The World Health Organization estimates hundreds of millions worldwide live with depression or anxiety. Researchers say regular physical activity, particularly in groups, could offer an accessible and low-cost way to ease symptoms for many people.
